List of Famous people born in Tartu County, Estonia

Erhard Schmidt was a Baltic German mathematician whose work significantly influenced the direction of mathematics in the twentieth century. Schmidt was born in Tartu, in the Governorate of Livonia.

Rein Lang is an Estonian politician, a member of the Estonian Reform Party since 1995, and a diplomat. He was the Minister of Culture in Andrus Ansip's third cabinet until his resignation.

Jaan Rääts was an Estonian composer who worked extensively on Estonian film scores of the 1960s and 1970s.

Maire-Ilon Wikland is an Estonian-born Swedish artist and illustrator.

Jürgen Ligi is an Estonian politician, former Minister of Foreign Affairs, and a member and the Vice-Chairman of the liberal Reform Party. He was Minister of Education and Research in Taavi Rõivas' cabinet from 9 April 2015 to 12 September 2016. Previously, Ligi has served as the Minister of Defence from 2005 to 2007 and as the Minister of Finance from 2009 to 2014.

Else Hueck-Dehio was a German authoress.

Friedrich Moritz Erich Harnack was a Baltic German pharmacologist and toxicologist.

Gustav Piers Alexander von Bunge was a German physiologist known for work in the field of nutrition physiology. He was the son of botanist Alexander von Bunge (1803–1890).