List of Famous people born in Tartu County, Estonia

Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz, usually cited as Emil Lenz, was a Russian physicist of Baltic German descent who is most noted for formulating Lenz's law in electrodynamics in 1834.

Klaus von Rautenfeld (1909–1982) was a cinematographer. Of Baltic German origin, he was born in Estonia which was then part of the Russian Empire. During the 1930s he worked as an assistant cameraman for Luis Trenker. Following the Second World War he was very active in West German commercial cinema working on a mixture of thrillers and comedies.

Kalle Kaljurand is an Estonian badminton player.

Hellmuth Kneser was a Baltic German mathematician, who made notable contributions to group theory and topology. His most famous result may be his theorem on the existence of a prime decomposition for 3-manifolds. His proof originated the concept of normal surface, a fundamental cornerstone of the theory of 3-manifolds.

Andrus Ansip is an Estonian politician, a member of the European Parliament, the former European Commissioner for Digital Single Market and Vice President of the European Commission, in office from 2014 until 2019. Previously, he was Prime Minister of Estonia from 2005 to 2014 and chairman of the liberal Estonian Reform Party from 2004 to 2014.

Grete Treier is an Estonian road bicycle racer.