List of Famous people born in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France

Pierre Yrieix Daumesnil was a French soldier in the armies of Napoleon during the first Empire and Restoration, eventually rising to the rank of brigadier general. He lost his left leg after he was wounded in the Battle of Wagram; it was replaced by a wooden prosthesis earning him the nickname jambe de bois. In 1812, he was assigned to the defense of the Château de Vincennes. Vincennes was then an arsenal containing 52,000 new muskets, more than 100 cannon and many tons of powder, bullets and cannonballs—a tempting prize for the Sixth Coalition when it marched on Paris in 1814 in the aftermath of the Battle of the Nations. However Daumesnil faced down the allies with the famous words "I shall surrender Vincennes when I get my leg back". With only 300 men under his command, he resisted the Coalition until King Louis XVIII of France ordered him to leave the fortress.

François-Pierre-Gontier de Biran, usually known as Maine de Biran, was a French philosopher.

Joseph Louis Anne Marie Charles Avenol was a French diplomat. He served as the second Secretary General of the League of Nations, from July 3, 1933 to August 31, 1940. He was preceded by Sir Eric Drummond of the United Kingdom, who was general secretary between 1920 and 1933, and he was succeeded by the Irish diplomat Seán Lester, who was general secretary between 1940 and 1946, when the League dissolved following the aftermath of World War II in 1946.

André Pierre Louis Dupuy is a French prelate of the Catholic Church who worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See from 1974 to 2015.

Mickaël Delage is a French professional road and track cyclist, who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam Groupama–FDJ.

Marie de Hautefort, was a French noble and lady-in-waiting, a trusted confidante and adviser of King Louis XIII of France. They did not have a sexual relationship and she was thereby a favorite rather than a royal mistress. She was also a personal friend of Queen Anne of Austria.