List of Famous people born in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia

Maxim Emelyanychev is a Russian conductor, pianist, harpsichordist and cornetist.

Vladimir Davidovich Ashkenazy is an internationally recognized solo pianist, chamber music performer, and conductor. He is originally from Russia and has held Icelandic citizenship since 1972. He has lived in Switzerland since 1978. Ashkenazy has collaborated with well-known orchestras and soloists. In addition, he has recorded a large storehouse of classical and romantic works. His recordings have earned him five Grammy awards and Iceland's Order of the Falcon.

Sergei Petrovich Novikov is a Soviet and Russian mathematician, noted for work in both algebraic topology and soliton theory. In 1970, he won the Fields Medal.

Vasily Georgievich Ryazanov was a General-lieutenant of Aviation in the Soviet Air Forces who was twice awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union for his leadership of the 1st Guards Assault Aviation Corps during World War II. Ryazanov was responsible for the development of tactics that consisted of the ground-attack aircraft being directed from a command post on the ground close to the frontline, and he was praised by Marshal Ivan Konev for having the best attack aircraft in the Air Force.

Nikolay Konstantinovich Kruglov is a former Soviet Union biathlete. At the 1976 Olympics in Innsbruck he won gold medals in the 20 km individual and with the men's relay team. He became world champion in the sprint event at the 1975 World Championships in Antholz.

Vyacheslav Dmitriyevich Zudov is a retired USSR cosmonaut.

Eduard Ergartovich Rossel is a Russian politician, who was the governor (1995–2009) of Sverdlovsk Oblast, an oblast in Russia. He was born in 1937 and is of German origin. He returned into office in 1995. He is a member of the Federation Council of Russia.