List of Famous people born in Jelgava, Latvia

Inese Vaidere is a Latvian politician who currently serves as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP).

Feodor Stepanovich "Rojan" Rojankovsky, also known as Rojan, was a Russian émigré illustrator. He is well known both for children's book illustration and for erotic art. He won the 1956 Caldecott Medal for U.S. picture book illustration from the American Library Association, recognizing Frog Went A-Courtin' by John Langstaff.

Alexander of Courland, nicknamed "Alexander the One-armed", was a Baltic German prince and the brother of Duke Frederick (II) Casimir of Courland. He was the youngest son of Jakob Kettler (1610–1682), Duke of Courland and his wife Luise Charlotte von Brandenburg (1617–1676), eldest daughter of Prince elector Georg Wilhelm von Brandenburg. He was a member of the Kettler dynasty.

Wilhelm Kettler was the Duke of Courland, a Baltic German region in today’s Latvia. Wilhelm ruled the western Courland portion of the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia, while his brother Friedrich ruled the eastern Semigallia portion.

Carl Ernst Heinrich Schmidt, also known in Russia as Karl Genrikhovich Schmidt was a Baltic German chemist from the Governorate of Livonia, a part of the Russian Empire. He determined the typical crystallization patterns of many important biochemicals such as uric acid, oxalic acid and its salts, lactic acid, cholesterin, stearin, etc.

Ferdinand Kettler was the Duke of Courland and Semigallia from 1730 to 1737. He was married to Johanna Magdalene of Saxe-Weissenfels in 1730.

Renārs Kaupers is a Latvian pop singer and songwriter.

Peter von Biron was the last Duke of Courland and Semigallia, from 1769 to 1795.