List of Famous people born in Poltava Oblast, Ukraine

Volodymyr Starchyk is a former Ukrainian racing cyclist.

Ben-Zion Dinur was a Zionist activist, educator, historian and Israeli politician.

Boris Dmitrievich Grekov was a Russian Imperial and Soviet Russian historian noted for his comprehensive studies of Kievan Rus and the Golden Horde. He was a member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1934) and several foreign academies, as well as Director of the Russian History Institute in Moscow.

Mikhail Vasilyevich Ostrogradsky was a mathematician, mechanician and physicist of Ukrainian Cossack ethnicity working in the Russian Empire. Ostrogradsky was a student of Timofei Osipovsky and is considered to be a disciple of Leonhard Euler, who was known as one of the leading mathematicians of Imperial Russia.

Vladimir Ivanovich Picheta was a Russian and Soviet historian, first rector of the Belarusian State University, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR since 1928, Honorary Professor of the BSSR (1926), Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences and Arts since 1939, Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1946.

Gregori Mikhailovich Chmara was a Ukrainian-born stage and film actor whose career spanned six decades.

Praskov′ja Georgievna Parchomenko(1886–1970) was a Soviet astronomer who discovered many minor planets between the years of 1930–1940.