Pius IX
Pius IX was head of the Catholic Church from 1846 to 1878, the longest papal reign. After starting as a liberal he reversed positions and strongly condemned liberalism. He was notable for convoking the Vatican Council in 1868 and for permanently losing papal control of the Papal States in 1870 to the Kingdom of Italy. He refused to leave Vatican City, declaring himself a "prisoner of the Vatican". His diplomacy mixes many failures with some successes such as Austria-Hungary, Portugal, Spain, Canada, Tuscany, Ecuador, Venezuela, Honduras, El Salvador, and Haiti.
From *.wikipedia.org,
General Info
.
Male
Full Name
Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti
Date of Birth
May 13rd, 1792
Age
232
Birth Place
Italy, Marche
Date of Death
February 7th, 1878
Died Aged
85
Star Sign
Taurus
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