List of Famous people born in Lithuania

Antanas Merkys was the last Prime Minister of independent Lithuania, serving from November 1939 to June 1940. When the Soviet Union presented an ultimatum to Lithuania demanding that it accept a Soviet garrison, President Antanas Smetona fled the country leaving Merkys as acting president. Merkys ostensibly cooperated with the Soviets, and illegally took over the presidency in his own right. After three days, Merkys handed power to Justas Paleckis, who formed the People's Government of Lithuania. When Merkys attempted to flee the country, he was captured and deported to the interior of Russia, where he died in 1955.

Laurynas Gucevičius was an 18th-century architect from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and most of his designs were built there.

Andrzej Tomasz Towiański was a Polish philosopher and messianic religious leader.

Daniel Abramovich Chwolson or Chwolsohn or Khvolson – March 23, 1911 [O.S. March 12])) was a Russian-Jewish orientalist.

Yehuda Pen, also known as Yuri Pen, was a Russian and Soviet Lithuanian Jewish painter and art teacher. He was a major figure of the Jewish Renaissance in Russian and Belarusian art at the beginning of 20th century. Pen's most famous student in Vitebsk was the great Jewish painter Marc Chagall.

Vincas Mickevičius (Mickiewicz), known under his pen name Kapsukas, was a Lithuanian communist political activist, publicist and revolutionary. As an active member of the Lithuanian National Revival, he wrote for and edited many Lithuanian publications and joined the Lithuanian Social Democratic Party. As his views turned from socialism to communism, he became one of the founders and leaders of the Lithuanian Communist Party and headed the short-lived Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic and Lithuanian–Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (Litbel) in 1918–19. After the failure of these republics, Mickevičius left for Soviet Russia, where he continued to lead Lithuanian communists and worked for the Communist International (Comintern).

Pranciškus Petras Būčys was a Lithuanian Roman Catholic priest, university professor, titular bishop of the Eastern Catholic Church, and Superior-General of the Congregation of Marian Fathers of the Immaculate Conception.

Emil Szymon Młynarski was a Polish conductor, violinist, composer, and pedagogue.