List of Famous people born in Chuzhou, People's Republic of China

Li Keqiang is a Chinese politician who is the current premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China. An economist by profession, Li is China's head of government as well as one of the leading figures behind China's Financial and Economic Affairs, Foreign Affairs, National Security and Deepening Reforms. He is also the second-ranked member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, the de facto top decision-making body of the country. Li is a major part of the "fifth generation of Chinese leadership" along with General Secretary Xi Jinping. Li was named the world's 12th most powerful person by Forbes in their list of the world's most powerful people in 2015 and 2016.

The Hongwu Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, was the founding emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1368 to 1398.

Ruth Mulan Chu Chao was the matriarch of a Chinese-American philanthropic family. In 2016, Harvard Business School dedicated the Ruth Mulan Chu Chao Center in her honor, making it the first building at the business school named for a woman and an Asian American. Four of Chao's six daughters attended the business school, including former United States Secretary of Labor and Secretary of Transportation, Elaine Chao.

Xu Da (1332–1385), courtesy name Tiande, was a Chinese military general who lived in the late Yuan dynasty and early Ming dynasty. He was a friend of Hongwu Emperor, the founder and first ruler of the Ming dynasty, and assisted him in overthrowing the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty and establishing the Ming dynasty. He was also the father of Empress Xu, who married the third Ming ruler, the Yongle Emperor.

Lan Yu was a Chinese general who contributed to the founding of the Ming Dynasty. His ancestral home was in present-day Dingyuan County, Anhui. In 1393, Lan was accused of plotting a rebellion and put to death by the Hongwu Emperor. About 15,000 people were implicated in the case and executed.

Mu Ying (1345-1392) was a Chinese general during the Ming Dynasty, and an adopted son of its founder, the Hongwu Emperor. Mu Ying was one of the few capable generals who survived the massacre of Hongwu. According to Chinese Muslim traditions; Ma Hou, the first wife of Hongwu, was a Muslim; he also had Mu Ying an adoptive Muslim son.

Cui Bai was a prominent Chinese painter of the Northern Song Dynasty (960–1279). A native of Anhui Province, Cui was best known for paintings of animals and plants. At some point during his life, he traveled to the capital of Kaifeng to seek employment as a court artist, and was accepted by Emperor Shenzong of Song, who admired his works. He became a renowned artist of Shenzong's court, but gained an awkward reputation for his often eccentric behavior.

Li Shanchang was a chancellor of the Ming dynasty, part of the West Huai (Huaixi) faction, and one of the six dukes in 1370. Li Shanchang was one of Emperor Hongwu's associates during the war against the Yuan dynasty to establish the Ming dynasty.

Wang Daohan, was the former president of the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits (ARATS).

Wang Zhigang is a Chinese engineer and politician currently serving as Minister of Science and Technology. Previously he served as general manager of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, a state-owned military industrial complex.